Body Image Research Proposal

I have chosen to study this topic because body image is such a controversial issue in today’s society, especially with adolescent boys and girls. While reviewing select articles on this topic, I noticed that there was a drastic difference in body image between boys and girls. I began to wonder what the reason for this was and through further study of these articles, I realized it had a lot to do with media influences and the role that friends family play in developing body image and so my questions revolve around studying these roles and influences. Much of the media targeted towards girls focuses on portraying only women that fit societys unrealistic expectations of the perfect woman whereas media targeted at men has much more variance in the types of men they portray. According to much of the literature on this topic, this is seen as one of the largest contributing factors to negative body image in adolescent girls. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1) How does the media and advertising contribute to adolescents body image? 2) How do body image issues differ among adolescent boys and girls? What role do family and friends play in developing adolescents’ body image? RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ROLE OF THE RESEARCHER PARTICIPANTS -individual interviews -observation in this situation would be too difficult as it develops over a length of time, not an instantaneous thing -interviews allow to create open ended questions that help the conversation flow to understand how body image has been influenced, types of friends, family involvement, interests, hobbies (are they into pop culture, do they admire celebs, do they spend lots of time watching tv/movies)

Monetary Policy of the FED during the Economic Crisis Essay

Monetary Policy of the FED during the Economic Crisis - Essay Example et operations by engaging in aggressive purchase of treasury securities and in December 2008, they extended the operations to the purchase of agency debt and mortgage-backed securities. By the end of 2008, the FED reported to have purchased agency mortgages backed securities worth US $1.25 trillion, and it increased its purchase of agency debt by up to US$ 200 billion. Thirdly, by mid 2009, the FED had purchased long-term treasury securities worth US $300 billion in order to improve the level of liquidity in private credit markets (Brezina, 123-127). The result of the open market operations is demonstrated in the chart below, which show that increase in the purchase of securities resulted in the increase of cash supply in the U.S economy. Figure: Impact of open market operations Reserve requirement In the writings by Timberlake, he stated that the reserve requirement is a method of credit control that is normally applied by the FED to control the money market by determining the level of cash that is available within the economy (89-95). The reserve requirement draws its basis from the fact that commercial banks keep cash reserves with the FED and then this reserve is maintained for the purpose of liquidity and for providing the means for credit control. Brezina stated that as a way of responding to the economic crisis between 2007 and 2009, the FED through the reserve requirement policy decreased the minimum reserve ratio that all commercial bank and other financial institutions offering the service of deposit taking keep at the FED’s reserve (198-202). This action was aimed at increasing the power of credit creation by the commercial banks so that the general economy can access more credit and therefore, plunge out of the economic recession. Discount rate According... This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve System, carried out to mitigate the negative impacts of the financial crisis and to restore the economic growth in the United States. The three monetary policies are discussed and they are deemed effective in ensuring the increase in the circulation of money in the general economy, thereby resolving the liquidity crisis and facilitating more economic activities to continue or kick-start. One of the key functions of the Federal Reserve Bank (FED) is the regulation of currency or credit in order to reflect the needs of the business community and the general economy and for the purpose of carrying out the broad monetary policy adopted by the U.S government. Monetary policy is the action of a Central Bank, which influences the size and rate of growth of the money supply. The open market operations as the purchase or the sale of securities that include long-term and short-term in the open market by the FED. The reserve requirement is a method of credit control that is normally applied by the FED to control the money market by determining the level of cash that is available within the economy. The discount rate is the rate at which the FED normally discounts the first class bills or will advance loans to commercial banks. This discount rate affects the cost and availability of credit and in particular, a change in the rate of the discount leads to a corresponding change in the money market rate

Research Paper look for Cognitive development in adolescents

Look for Cognitive development in adolescents - Research Paper Example It is said that teenagers display their true character when they are comfortable and have less fear of punishment and reprisal from their parents. This is most probable when with their friends and confidants. In addition to that, the paper is going to base its interpretation based on the observations that are to be made at a cinema hall that couples up as a fast food and snack outlet. II. Description of Setting The observation took place at a popular fun zone just opposite the main highway junction that leads to various places. This zone experiences a high traffic of youngsters who converge to have fun in the movies, boutique and food court where some grab a quick pizza or French fries as they socialize. The main building faces the front of the zone and has frontal balcony where people can sit and have coffee while watching everything and everyone below. The majority of the population on a normal weekend mid-morning consists of teenagers who range from the age of thirteen to about nineteen. Because of the security of the place and the openness, it is presumed that parents can let the teenagers interact on their own without having much interference. This creates a perfect setting for research because one can observe the happenings without interfering with them. The timing is also important because in the morning, the teenagers are highly energetic but as the noon approaches, there is a lower energy display among the youngsters. The study timing was from about 11 a.m. to about 2 p.m. in the afternoon. III Observation of the Adolescent Group Number of adolescent males and females It is observed that the number of female teenagers were almost double than that of younger boys. It was also observed that more females came in pairs or as larger groups while the younger teenage bouts came with fewer or smaller groups than their female counterparts. Approximate age of adolescents or range of ages Most of the youngsters at the court were approximately in their late teens. It was hard to estimate their ages because some of them might have been in larger bodies than their actual age. It was also observed that younger teenage boys (10-13) were more than their female counterparts. However, they seemed to be in a company of someone older. Pre-pubescent or post-pubescent The prepubescent were not as much in number as their fellow counterparts especially in their teenage years. However, those who were present seemed to be very excited and were characterized by frequent fights cries and intolerable to some extent. It was also noticed that both the male and female kids at this ages were being watched by their guardians who were at the line on the food court or seated next to the o bservation table. It was observed that their interaction with other totally new counterparts was quite fact and it was not long before they began playing and causing trouble for everyone. The post pubescent teenagers on the other hand were more composed in behavior but seemed restless in their own way as Fieldman (2008) also writes. Frequent pacing up and down the fun zone was one off their favorite pastime. The fifteen year old boys were hanging